Circuit Solver using MATLAB Programming

In this blog we will learn to simulate a circuit using MATLAB Programming which is the basic step to create your own circuit solver. The circuit we are going to solve is shown in Fig 1. Here V is 6V.

Fig 1: Circuit

Create NetList and SourceList
You need to first represent this circuit in terms of matrixes so that you can use them in MATLAB. These two matrixs will describe the network- NetList and SourceList
Let us first give a number to all the nodes in the circuit. Two nodes should be separated by atleast an element.
The considered circuit has 4 nodes and let us choose node 4 as the reference/ground node.

Now create a matrix named as NetList with three columns N1, N2 and R. Each row of this matrix will represent a R resistance element between Node N1 and N2.

Now create a matrix named SourceList with two columns N and V. Each row of this matrix will represent a N node with V voltage. Since only two node voltages are know, this will contain two rows.

Fig 2: NetList and Source List

Create A and B matrix
If Total Nodes are N
A is of N x N
Aij=
        Case 1: if i is not a Source Nodes
                       -1/Rij where Rij is the resistance between i and j (if i!=j)
                       Sum of inverse of all resistance connected to i (if i==j)

        Case 2: if i is a source Node
                        Aii=1 and
                        rest Aik=0

If Total Nodes are N
B is of N x 1
Bi=
       Case 1: if i is not a Source Node
                    0
       Case 2: if i is a source Node
                    Voltage of that source Node



Nodal Equations

Using the above nodal equation can be represented as
\[\mathbf{AV=B}\]\[\mathbf{V}=[V_1 V_2 ... V_N]^T\]\[V=A^{-1}B\]

This V represent the Voltage of all the nodes, thus circuit is solved.


MATLAB Code
Initialization of the matrixs

NetList=[1 2 2; 1 3 4; 2 3 5.2; 3 4 6; 2 4 3];
Vnod=[1 6; 4 2];
l=size(NetList,1);
N=max([NetList(:,1) ;
NetList(:,2)]);
A=zeros(N,N);
 B=zeros(N,1);

A Matrix Creation

for i=1:l
       n1=NetList(i,1);
       n2=NetList(i,2);
       if n1==n2
       else
          A(n1,n2)=A(n1,n2)-1/NetList(i,3);
          A(n2,n1)=A(n2,n1)-1/NetList(i,3);
          A(n1,n1)=A(n1,n1)+1/NetList(i,3);
          A(n2,n2)=A(n2,n2)+1/NetList(i,3);
      end
 end

B Matrix Creation

for i=1:size(Vnod,1)

        A(Vnod(i,1),:)=zeros(1,N);

        A(Vnod(i,1),Vnod(i,1))=1;

        B(Vnod(i,1),1)=Vnod(i,2);

end

Solution

Vo=A\B; 

disp(Vo);